Strategies in Teaching L2 Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategies in Teaching L2 Writing - Essay Example There is heightened cognitive interference when these procedures are jumbled with second language processing cognitive mechanisms. The degree of interference varies depending on a student’s proficiency level whereby students with a higher proficiency level have less interference, and the reverse holds true for students with a lower proficiency level. More often than not, L2 learners depend on their L1 writing to gain proficiency in their L2 writing; however, the extent of usage also varies based on the level of proficiency. L2 learners with a high proficiency level rely on their L1 writing skills less due to their heightened L2 knowledge, which in turn gives them the autonomy to sustain the writing process without the risk of a complete breakdown. This is far from the case for lower L2 proficiency learners, a factor that has triggered scholars’ interest in researching teaching strategies designed to help the former develop proficiency despite their drawbacks. These stra tegies vary among scholars; for example, for Cuming and Uzawa (1989), they included two distinct strategies- â€Å"lowering the standard†, and â€Å"keeping the standard†. The former allowed instructors to teach L2 writing within a reasonable timeframe while utilizing minimal mental effort; it included strategies such as simplification of syntax, and reduction of information among others. On the other hand, the latter strategy allowed instructors to teach L2 writing by maintaining the standards achieved by learners in L1 writing; it included strategies such as extensive revision (Uzawa, and Cuming, 1989). In contemporary society, technology continues to play a vital role in students’ acquisition of L2 writing. Explored in this essay is the use of technology in teaching L2 writing, impact of the educational environment, teaching strategies used for lower proficiency L2 writing learners, and the effect of peer and

Americas Global War on Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Americas Global War on Terrorism Essay At 8:46 am, on September 11, 2001, the world would take witness to an event that would change it forever. Five hijackers, with the support of a terrorist group named Al Qaeda, crashed a passenger jet into World Trade Center Tower 1, and seventeen minutes later a second passenger jet was crashed into World Trade Center Tower 2. Now, everyone can remember exactly where they were when they received the news of the attack, but, what most American’s didn’t realize is that these events would lead to the majority of the world into war. This was the first time that the United States would participate in a war against and idea, terrorism, and not a declaration of war against a country itself. In every war that the United States had been involved in, they had been faced against an enemy in the form of a country. Whether it was Spain, Mexico, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, or even against itself, the United States always had a target. These â€Å"targets† usually had a uniform; they were also in support of a dictator, king, or even a tyrant. But with the War on Terror, the United States and its allied NATO Nations were not taking actions against a country; they were taking actions against an ideology that had affected the entire planet. The route of this ideology can be traced back to one man, Osama bin Laden. Osama bin Laden, with the help of the United States, forced an invading Soviet Russia out of the country of Afghanistan in the 1980’s. Then, with the support of a radical Islamic state, and the formation of a radical group calling themself al-Qaeda, he declared war on the United States in 1996 (Lansford, Watson Covarrubias, 2009). Bin Laden was quoted saying, â€Å"If the instigation for jihad against the Jews and the Americans†¦is considered a crime, then let history be a witness that I am a criminal (Lansford, Watson Covarrubias, 2009).† With this foundation of hatred towards Western influence in the modern world, Osama bin Laden and his radical group al-Qaeda instigated a War against the world. The group al-Qaeda has taken responsibility of many terrorist attacks against the United States and its allied countries. From the World Trade Center attacks of 2001, to the Spain subway bombings of 2004, al-Qaeda has been at the center of these terrorist attacks. Unfortunately, unlike most wars declared against a country, al-Qaeda has roots in many countries. They’ve been linked to attacks in: Africa, Europe, North America; are believed to have ties to other terrorist cells like the Taliban, and the Revolutionary Armed Forced of Colombia; and are known to have cells based in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Lansford, Watson Covarrubias, 2009). Former President George Bush described al-Qaeda as â€Å"a fringe form of Islamic extremism that has been rejected by Muslim scholars and the vast majority of Muslim clerics; a fringe movement that perverts the peaceful teachings of Islam (Holloway, 2008).† This declared War on Terror was against terrorist groups, like al-Qaeda, but many did believe that the Former President had a hidden agenda. With the attacks of September 11th, a new foreign policy known as, â€Å"Bush Doctrine,† was implemented by the Bush administration. The â€Å"Bush Doctrine,† which the Bush administration rarely ever called its new foreign policy was based around four ideas: to make no distinction between terrorist and the countries harboring them, take the fight to enemies overseas before they can attack the United States, confront threats before they become threats, and promote democracy instead of terrorist ideology (Holloway, 2008). At the beginning of the war, the American people being full of patriotism and wanting revenge for the 9/11 attacks were in 100% agreement with this policy, but as time passed and the years that this â€Å"war† has gone on, more and more are in less support and just want the United States military to be brought home. Towards the end of President Bush’s second term, he began to be under constant attack due to the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. He was accused of invading Iraq under false pretenses of: weapons of mass destruction, and a direct influence of 9/11 by Saddam Hussein’s regime (Holloway, 2008), a plateau that our current President, Barack Obama, used to his advantage during his initial campaign. Yet, even though Former President Bush was attacked and scrutinized about his policies, he stood by his initial belief that his â€Å"Global War on Terror† was against an ideology, and not a certain country. Whether or not the current 10-year war was actually waged against Osama Bin Laden, Saddam Hussein, Muammar al-Gaddafi, or any other tyrant is truly unknown, and if the September 9/11 attacks were hoaxed and just a coercion for the American people to be tricked into war, who knows. What can be known is this; the War on Terror is the first time that the United States has declared war on an idea, a way of life, and not against a country of its own, and because of this, the true length of this war has the ability to last forever. Holloway, D. (2008). 9/11 and the war on terror [electronic resource] / david holloway . Edinburg University Press. Lansford, T., Watson, R., Covarrubias, J. (2009).Americas war on terror [electronic resource] / by tom lansford, robert p. watson and jack covarrubias. (2nd ed.). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

The Temporary Guide Base Engineering Essay

The Temporary Guide Base Engineering Essay After the drilling units anchors have been deployed on the new location the first item lowered is the temporary guide base (the TGB). This serves as a foundation for all the other subsea equipment that will follow, and as an anchorage for the guideline cables on which that equipment will be run down to the sea-bed. The TGB is a circular, octagonal or square, flat, steel frame of about 100 square feet in area which has compartments in which ballast materials can be placed. The unit alone usually weighs about four tons, but it is heavily weighted with bags of cement, barite or other heavy materials before being lowered to the sea bed on the end of a string of drill pipe. A special tool for releasing the TGB when it is in position is fitted to the drill pipe string, and this connects with a slot in the steel guidebase frame. On the underside of the frame four spikes project to dig into the sea bed and firmly anchor the unit. Four wires are attached to the edges of the TGB, and when it has been landed these are tensioned up and used for guiding other items of equipment down to their locations above the TGB. There are also two smaller lines for running TV cameras down for monitoring operations from the doghouse on the drill floor. The guide line tensioners are large cylinders, installed in the cellar deck on the rig, that contain pistons which are positioned by air pressure. The amount of tension required on the guide lines is simply set by adjusting the air pressure. In the centre of the TGB frame is a wide circular aperture with a funnel shape projecting above it into which the bottom of another frame the permanent guide base will fit. The drill bit will commence drilling and all subsequent downhole operations will be conducted through this aperture. 3.0 THE PERMANENT GUIDE BASE The permanent guide base (PGB) is another heavy steel frame, about 3 tons in weight and square in shape, that has a wide central aperture and a tall post on each corner through which the four guidelines run. The PGB serves as a landing seat for the wellhead and as a guide for drilling tools and the blow-out preventer stack which is eventually located above the wellhead. The posts are used to locate the stack, which has arrangements to accept them within its own frame. The PGB is run down the guide lines to connect with the TGB, and there is a funnel-shaped projection around the aperture on its underside that inserts into the TGBs funnel-shaped top aperture and ensures an accurate fit. Beyond about 400 m water depth the guidewire system does not work too well so for deepwater a guideline less system using a capture funnel system is utilised. 4.0 THE WELLHEAD/CASING HANGAR SYSTEM The wellhead is a large, cylindrical device housing several internal fittings called casing hangars that are designed to suspend the required number and sizes of casing and tubing strings that will be used in the well. The wellhead/casing hangar locates through the holes in the two guide bases and fits into the top of the conductor casing after this has been run. It projects above the PGB, and is designed to connect with the BOP stack which is later run above it. The Subsea Wellhead is the main structural component which supports the loads generated during drilling operations and during production Operations. It is connected (welded) to the inner conductor (18  ¾) and is locked into the outer conductor, which itself is attached to the guide base. Over recent years two connection profiles have become the most frequently used. These are proprietary designs known as Vetco H-4 and the Cameron Clamp Hub profiles. Most UK drilling rigs are equipped with a single high pressure stack, though two stack systems were previously in use, to provide a low pressure connection at the 20 and high pressure for the 13 5/8 inch casing. The three main functions of a wellhead can be considered as :- To provide a location for suspension of casing strings. Each of the casing strings which run up through the well are physically suspended within the wellhead housing. Should the well be used for production, the production tubing is additionally supported and locked in position in the wellhead via the tubing hanger. To provide Sealing and Pressure Containment This sealing and containment takes place on two distinct areas, between the well and the environment and to provide isolation from between the casing and downhole structures. During drilling operations a Blow Out Preventer (BOP) is installed on the wellhead at the base of the Marine Drilling Riser. The BOP is mandatory and used to protect the rig and the environment at the seabed level in case of gas kick from the well, to avoid a Blow Out. Allows the installation of Flow Control Equipment Should the well be converted from an appraisal well into a future production (NORMAL CASE) or water injection well, the subsea Xmas Tree can be installed to provide flow control from the well or from the injection line or manifold. . For subsea wells, the wellhead is supported through the 30 inch housing/conductor which is cemented into the first/primary soil formation. The 30 inch housing then supports the internal wellhead housing with the subsequent internal casing strings, each one supported via a casing hanger at the wellhead with a seal mechanism. The 30 inch housing supports the permanent guidebase which forms the main guidance mechanism for equipment being deployed subsea to the wellhead, during drilling and completion operations. Four Guide Posts and guide lines are used down to 400m. For deeper waters guide lines are not practical and funnel down or up systems are deployed. The BOP stack and subsequently the Xmas Tree are connected to the wellhead by a hydraulically operated connector. The primary environmental loading on the wellhead occurs during the drilling phase, when a high varying bending moment is transmitted through the riser onto wellhead housing and then to the 30 inch housing/casing/formation through current, wave loads and drilling vessel movement. The wellhead housing is locked into the 30 inch wellhead and loads on the wellhead are transmitted into the 30 inch conductor. 6.0 OVERVIEW OF SUBSEA OPTIONS; SHALLOW AND DEEP WATERS The challenges to subsea production in the future are considerable, with solutions required to the economical extraction of oil and gas from ever deeper waters in remote locations. Deep water options are illustrated in Figures 19 A 19 B. There are a number of options currently open in the movement of oil and gas from well to shore, and there are some limitations. Availability of investment capital to achieve a profit from the expectation of sales of gas or oil in a depressed and volatile market. The adverse effects of hydrostatic pressure on sensitive subsea equipment. The limiting effects of hydrostatic pressure on the means of maintenance and intervention with subsea equipment. Mechanical limitations on the type of host. The limiting factors of distance between well and host. Surface climatic conditions affecting the host annual storm patterns, ice, etc. Subsea production equipment used to be much more expensive than land-based equipment, adapted for use on offshore platforms. This was by way of specification, manufacturing quality, complexity etc., as well as the requirements for specialist tools with which to run the equipment. Nowadays costs of subsea developments are very competitive to platform based systems. This is due to more than 15 years of operational experience, fabrication simplification, and competition coupled with the use of more simple functional specifications. An additional feature of subsea production systems is their designed ability to operate in deepwater (diver less) areas. The development of deepwater systems, the installation and operational support systems using ROVs has been a major set in recent years. In earlier years such diver less systems were more expensive that diver assisted systems, but the advances now make then very similar in cost. In fact diver less operations using ROVs can be more cost effective than the use of very costly divers (requiring all the life support systems and complex DSV). The purpose of subsea wellhead is To support BOP and seal with well casing during drilling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To support and seal the subsea production tree à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To support and seal the well casing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To support and seal the production tubing hanger The three main functions of a wellhead can be considered as; i)To provide a location for suspension of casing strings; Each of the casing strings which run up through the well are physically suspended within the wellhead housing. Should the well be used for production or injection, the tubing is additionally supported and locked in position in the wellhead via the tubing hanger (T.H.) when conventional dual bore trees are used. (ii)To provide Sealing and Pressure Containment; This sealing and containment takes place on two distinct areas, between the well and the environment and to provide isolation from between the casing and the down hole completion structures. During drilling operations a Blow Out Preventor (BOP) is installed on the wellhead at the base of the Marine Drilling Riser. The BOP is mandatory and used to protect the rig and the environment at the seabed level in case of gas kick from the well, to avoid a Blow Out and the riser is mandatory to return the drilling fluids, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to the rig. Refer to additional figures in Lecture L 5 B. (iii)Allows the installation of Flow Control Equipment; Should the well be converted from an appraisal well into a future production (NORMAL CASE) or water injection well (or gas injection well), the subsea Xmas Tree can be installed to provide production flow control from the well or into the well from the injection line or manifold. In these notes, the emphasis is on the subsea wells drilled from a semi submersible or a drill ship. In the southern North Sea and in water depths generally up to 100 m, jack-up rigs are also used. These provide a fixed platform from which to drill the wells and the well can be directly tied back into the rig. During drilling operations, a high pressure riser system connects the well with the jack-up and no subsea B O P system is necessary. For subsea wells, the wellhead is supported through the 30 housing / conductor which is cemented into the first / primary soil formation. The 30 housing then supports the internal wellhead housing with the subsequent internal casing strings. Each one is supported via a casing hanger at the wellhead and with a seal mechanism. The 30 housing supports the Permanent Guide Base which forms the main guidance mechanism for equipment being deployed subsea to the wellhead, during drilling, completion operations and work over operations. Four Guide Posts and guide lines are used down to 500m .For deeper waters, guide lines are not practical and other guidance systems are in use with exploration drilling now reaching -2800m. Refer to section 6. The BOP stack and subsequently the Xmas Tree are connected to the wellhead by an hydraulic operated collet connector. Over recent years two connection profiles have become the most frequently used. These are proprietary designs known as Vetco H-4 and the Cameron Clamp Hub profiles. Most UK drilling rigs are equipped with a single high pressure stack, though two stack systems were previously in use, to provide a low pressure connection at the 20 and high pressure for the 13 5/8 casings. A single connection of the BOP stack to the wellhead is the generally accepted method. The primary environmental loading on the wellhead occurs during the drilling phase, when a high varying bending moment is transmitted through the riser onto wellhead housing and then to the 30 housing/casing/formation through current, wave loads and drilling vessel movements. It is now common policy to run the two top joints of 1  ½ wall thickness joints of 30 to provide the resistance to the anticipated loads, when previously, only 1 casing was considered. The wellhead housing is locked into the 30 conductor and loads on the wellhead are transmitted into it. In addition to the drilling loads the wellhead may be subjected to impact and snagging loads associated with construction activities and accidental incidents such as fishing trawl board impacts and pull over forces. These loads are transmitted through the production tree into the wellhead connector and through into the 30 conductor. SUBSEA XMAS TREES FUNCTIONS; 7.1 General; The Xmas Tree is the primary flow control system for fluid flow from or into the well. The flows which can be considered include the following :- (a) Production, produced fluids from the oil/gas/condensate bearing formation pass-up through the well tubing and the Xmas Tree. (b) Injection, treated, inhibited seawater is pumped from the host facility into the well to provide pressure support for the reservoir. Gas injection/disposal excess gas is pumped into an adjacent reservoir for temporary storage or in limited cases, pressure maintenance. Oil production with Gas lift, gas is pumped from the host facility, through the annulus to subsurface injection points in the tubing. The inclusion of gas into the produced fluid reduces the column density to allow the reservoir pressure to flow the well. It is a flow boosting technique but with a low efficiency.

The Life Of John F. Kennedy :: essays research papers

The Life of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline Massachusetts on May 29, 1917. He attended Harvard University and graduated in 1940. From 1941-1945 he served in the United States Navy, during World War II. In 1946 he was elected to the United States House of Representatives. Then in 1952 he was elected to the United States Senate. On September 12, 1953 he was married to Jacqueline Lee Bouvier. Then in 1960 he was elected President of the United States. On November 22, 1963 he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. John grew up in Boston, Massachusetts. His father Joseph P. Kennedy, was a self-made millionaire. During the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, he served as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and as United States Ambassador to Great Britain. During John's childhood, his family often moved. Some of these moves sent the family into New York. All of the Kennedy children developed a strong competitive spirit. The boys enjoyed playing touch football together. John Kennedy's education included elementary schools in Brookline and Riverdale. By the age of thirteen his father sent him to the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. He then transferred to Choate Academy in Wallingford, Connecticut, and graduated in 1935 at eight-teen years old. In 1936, after a summer in England, John entered Princeton University. After Christmas, of that same year, he developed jaundice. Then in 1936 he entered Harvard University. At Harvard he majored in government and international relations. In 1940 he graduated from Harvard. He then enrolled at Stanford University, but dropped out after only six months. After serving in the United States Navy, where he won the Navy and Marine Corps Medal as the skipper of a PT boat in World War II, John decided to enter government. In 1946, he ran for the House of Representatives and won the election over his Republican opponent. He was reelected to the House in both 1948 and 1950. In 1952, he ran for the United States Senate. He defeated his opponent Henry Lodge, who was a popular and experienced legislator. After the 1956 Presidential election he decided to try to run for the upcoming 1960 Presidential election. In 1960 John Kennedy ran in the Presidential Election. His opponent, Richard M. Nixon, was a popular person, he had previously been the vice-president under Dwight Eisenhower. Together they became the first Presidential opponents to debate face-to-face on television. John Kennedy won the election. During his years as president, John helped pass a number of laws. He also established the United States Peace Corps, through

Country Life vs City Life

Country Life Better Than City Life In my opinion I think country life is better than city life. The city is very busy and crazy! The crowds and traffic generates stress that challenges the human being. Perhaps that is why the city people act like an angry, stressed and unfriendly person. The country is so calm and peaceful, makes the city people want to go down there for vacations. Life in the city is very challenging. The public transportation reduces the demand for your own vehicles and the accompanying expenses. City life provides distractions available in the arts, theater, and other forms of entertainment.Even though there is a lot of activities that you can do like, going shopping on every corner and sidewalk, the city life also carries a heavy price. Housing and food are expensive. Services, such as transportation, are expensive. Worst of all, the most expensive part of life in the city is the fee it takes on your body through stress. Stress is everywhere in the city with ever y waking moment in the city. The crowds, traffic, tight work schedules never calm down. The air in the city is not healthy at all. The poisons of thousands of vehicles overwhelm what little green life remains to clean the air. Crime is very high in most cities.The odds of becoming a victim are high even for simple trips to the local grocery store or bank. Your brain and body are endlessly attacked by environmental pollution that a human inhales. There are very few opportunities to relax, stress builds, and the quality of your life decreases. The city dweller looks forward to a day out of the city. Historically, movement patters have been from the city to the suburbs and later to the country. Escape becomes the order of the day. Each move to the outer boundaries of the urban environment makes life a little more peaceful. The move to the country is the greatest move of all.Peaceful is the most concise description of the country. The night is quiet. Soft insect noises and the plaintive call of an owl rule the stillness. No heavy traffic, no sirens, no rush of the â€Å"madding crowd. † Life is simple and calming. Food is grown locally, instead of remotely. Everyone knows your name, and has been to your grandparents’ house. The country offers advantages to the stressed city dweller that can reduce stress, induce health, and present understanding. The country is for the laid back, no-stress, free living life you always wished for! This is just a few reasons why the country life is better than the city life.

Literary Analysis on Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” Essay

Shirley Jackson bewildered the world when her short story â€Å"The Lottery† was published in The New Yorker magazine. The piece got a great deal of negative reaction for its shocking and gruesome story. Readers didn’t know what or why Shirley Jackson wrote this piece. She said she wanted to show the story with a â€Å"graphic dramatization of the pointless violence and general inhumanity in their own lives.† She wrote a piece about a town that continues the tradition of killing one person each year for no reason other than tradition. The theme is to show how easily a village of friends and family can follow ways of others, even if it is cruel and unusual. In this short story, she displays the theme with the use of irony of setting, situational irony, and verbal irony. The detailed description in the short story helps to build up an unexpected ending. When the story begins to introduce the setting of the book it reads, â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear an d sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full summer day†¦.† The way the author writes it makes the readers feel like the story is going to take place in a happy environment and something good is going to happen. That may seem the case but as the reader continues to read, the story is actually talking about winning a death. This irony of setting illustrates the happy environment that they seem to live in, but that is not the case once the â€Å"winner† of the lottery is stoned to death. Readers may think Mrs. Hutchinson will not get chosen due to her positive attitude, but the story shows that is not the case at all. Mrs. Hutchinson acts like the drawing is not a big deal when she shows up late saying, â€Å"Clean forgot what day it was,† and â€Å"Wouldn’t have me leave m’dishes in the sink, now would you, Joe?.† She acts as if she wants to hurry up the process and get back to doing what she was doing. Mrs. Hutchinson has this attitude that she has nothing to worry about, yet it is her who ends up â€Å"win ning† the lottery. The situational irony shows that readers may think that the lottery is no big deal, but in fact it leads to a pointless death. The title of the short story is very misleading at first. The title â€Å"The Lottery† would make anyone assume the story is going to be about winning some money or some big prize. In the short story, Shirley Jackson wrote, â€Å"The lottery was conducted—as were the square dances, the teenage club, the Halloween program†¦.† She makes  the readers sense that the lottery is a normal thing and something good will come from it. That is the exact opposite of what the author is portraying. To win the lottery in the stories â€Å"village,† is to get beaten to death with stones by all the people in the community. The verbal irony is when the author shows that winning the lottery is winning a death by your friends and family, compared to the readers who speculate that the lottery will be something good. Shirley Jackson shows the readers how easily friends and family turn on one another because of tradition. She states the irony of setting by stimulating a good, happy environment, but it turns out to be a dramatic day. With the verbal irony, no one actually wins something; someone ends up losing their life instead. In situational irony, the author shows how someone can blame others for their own mistakes. All of her different types of irony end up making â€Å"The Lottery† a very dramatic short story. Works Cited â€Å"Shirley Jackson.† Shirley Jackson and â€Å"The Lottery† N.p., n.d. Web. 04 June 2014.

RENT THE BROADWAY PLAY essays

RENT THE BROADWAY PLAY essays I recently went to see RENT done by On Tour LLC Inc on the 9th of Feb. in Heinz Hall in Pittsburgh. This was at least the 3rd time that I have seen RENT as it is on of my favorite musicals and I try and make a point to see it each time it comes to Pittsburgh. The composition of the group was that it was an orchestra. The audience was not in the most formal attire but they were not in jeans and t-shits. I myself wore a pair a kaki dress pants and a collared polo shit, which most of the men at the show also were wearing. The women either had dress slacks on or a dress on. As for the audience response it was typical for a Broadway musical, after a song was sung the audience would clap until the next part of the musical went on. At the end of the performance when the cast took the bow the audience showed what I expected in that they gave the cast, the orchestra and also the conductor a standing ovation. The music played was that of rock and alternative type music, the type you would have heard in the time the musical is set which is in the 90s. I really enjoyed the show but because I grew up in a household that enjoys going to see musicals so I have seen many Broadway musicals and plays. Of course I would go to another type of music even like this just because I grew up with this type of musical event. In conclusion I found that I have only seen one other musical done so well and that was Starlight Express in Las Vegas when the show literally came out into the audience. After the show my mother and I were discussing if CALU would ever have a production of RENT at the college but we both agreed that we felt that the community would not allow the college to do it considering the controversial subject material. Although I would hope that the college would allow something with as my controversial matter involved to produced for nothing else but to make the students and community aware of these things. ...

Poems After the Attack †A September 11th Anthology

Poems After the Attack – A September 11th Anthology In the years since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America, poets and readers continue to turn to poetry in an effort to make sense of the devastation and the horror of that day. As Don Delillo wrote in Falling Man: A Novel: People read poems. People I know, they read poetry to ease the shock and pain, give them a kind of space, something beautiful in language . . . to bring comfort or composure. This collection comes to you accompanied by our hope that in your grief, anger, fear, confusion, or resolve  these poems offer you grace. Daniel Moore (Abd al-Hayy), â€Å"A Little Ramshackle Shack†Matthew Abuelo, â€Å"Upon 9/11†Adam, â€Å"If Only†Ken Adams aka Dudley Appleton, â€Å"911†Joe Aimone, â€Å"The W After†Cristin OKeefe Aptowicz, â€Å"WTC 9/11†Paula Bardell, â€Å"Silence (over Manhattan)†Tony Beyer, â€Å"In the Wake of America†Michael Brett, â€Å"Tomorrow†Tony Brown, â€Å"Dispatch from the Home Front: Halloween 2001†Penny Cagan, â€Å"September Eleventh†Lorna Dee Cervantes, â€Å"Palestine†David Cochrane, â€Å"Firefighters Prayer†Jim Cohn, â€Å"Ghost Dance†Julie Craig, â€Å"Before and After†Peter Desmond, â€Å"Good Morning, Uzbekistan!†Jesse Glass, â€Å"down†JD Goetz, â€Å"9/11/02†jj goss, â€Å"Aftermath of 9-11†Dorothea Grossman, â€Å"Ruins†Marj Hahne, â€Å"Remembrance† and â€Å"A New York Winter†Mary Hamrick, â€Å"An American Soldierâ € Elizabeth Harrington, â€Å"Normally†Judyth Hill, â€Å"Wage Peace†Michael Hillmer, â€Å"The Lights That Have Vanished†Bob Holman, â€Å"Cement Cloud†Larry Jaffe, â€Å"Will It Be Heard† and â€Å"5000 Souls Leaving†Karen Karpowich, â€Å"In Central Park†Eliot Katz, â€Å"When the Skyline Crumbles†John Kissingford, â€Å"September 12† and â€Å"Image† Doug McClellan, â€Å"Day One†Poet Laureate Billy Collins’ commemorative poem â€Å"The Names† in The New York TimesFormer Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky’s poem â€Å"9/11† in The Washington Postâ€Å"Poetry and Sept. 11: A Guided Anthology† by Robert Pinsky in Slateâ€Å"The Language of War and Peace,† special issue of Big Bridgeâ€Å"Words To Comfort,† a selection of poems and photographs from the NYC benefit readings October 17, 2001 in Jacket 15â€Å"Poems for the Time,† anthology collected by Alicia Ostriker in Moby Livesâ€Å"Poetry and Tragedy,† reactions and poems from the recent Laureates in USA Today

What Really Matters in Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Really Matters in Cancer - Essay Example The article states that the biomedicalisation of cancer care has led to the treating of the disease than cancer. The patient has been neglected especially aged patients who spend a fortune in treatment at the face discrimination (Purushotham et al., 1669). Treatment has become expensive and complex. It talks about the social nature of cancer. It states that cancer is a community disease in its origin and risk factors in spite of patients being treated as individuals. Hence, if the social aspect is taken, then its treatment should be different. It advocates for cancer self-help groups for patients. It talks about the consequences of neglecting the social aspects of cancer. The author advocates for compassionate cancer care where the patient is cared for rather than undergoing treatment alone. It is stated that social cancer medicine has been neglected for the molecularisation of cancer. The article advocates for research into the social nature of cancer (Purushotham et al., 1670). The information in this article is relevant to the real world in the care and treatment of cancer patients all over the world. It is applicable at this present moment as there are a lot of cancer patients suffering from the toxic nature of cancer treatments without the social care they need to go through it. There is a lack of cancer self-help groups to help patients in meeting the cost of cancer treatment. It is applicable all over the world as cancer does not select on the region to affect. It is a worldwide disease. The information is relevant because of the technological aspect of cancer treatment without the social care needed. Treatment is all about treating the disease rather than the person. There is no other author or research that opposes the ideas presented in the article. Macmillan’s research named Discrimination at Work support the ideas presented in this article. Further research into the social nature of cancer is needed along with research into patient-centered care (Purushotham et al., 1671).     

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 82

Case Study Example   Should all science be in agreement?   In Wakefield’s case, it is established that conflict of interest existed while he carried out his research. The fact that he obtained monetary benefits for carrying out his research against MMR vaccine makes it clear that his research is flawed due to conflict of interest. Other scientific bodies further investigated the link between autism and MMR vaccination and found none. Here, sticking with science is justifiable, although science can be flawed and could lead to erroneous conclusions. In Wakefield’s case, his research was proved wrong. It is difficult to arrive at a decision when conflicting reports are presented by scientists. This is because innumerable factors dictate the direction and conclusion of any research. One can never say for sure that a particular research might be accurate or correctly interpreted. At such a time, it is only logical to first find out the motives behind the research. Often, the scientist’s motivations influence the research, as in Wakefield’s case. In addition to motives, the research design, methodology and interpretation should be scrutinized to identify flaws. It is necessary for all science to be in agreement. However, practically, this can never be the case because it is impossible to carry out perfect research. There could be bias related errors, procedure related errors, protocol errors, flawed reporting of results, etc. As seen in the WebMD article, evidence exists both in favor and against the link between MMR vaccination and autism, mercury (thiomersal) and autism. Opposite parties point out flaws in each other’s research. If all research were perfect, all science would definitely have been in

Cinema & City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cinema & City - Essay Example Thus the first cinematic clip was that of a city. Cinematic images of cities shed light on the past and future of urban spaces the crises and sensations of the inhabitants of the city are projected through cinema's endless capacity to contrast the urban and corporal (Barber, 2002) Wim Wenders' 'Der Himmel 'ber Berlin /Wings of Desire' (1987) and Tom Tykwer's 'Lola rennt/Run Lola Run' (1998) are two films which showcase the city of Berlin. The former portrays the divided Berlin of the cold-war era and the latter the modern city after the reunification of Germany and its capital. The city of Berlin possesses a unique history which has always been entwined with European history. At the start of the twentieth century Berlin desired to replace Paris and London as the leading European metropolis and become the cultural capital of Europe. After Hitler's coming to power, it became the place where the destiny of millions of people was decided. This era of Berlin's history is its most shameful and old Berliner's have tried to erase this period from their city and memory both. After the Second World War the devastated city was separated into East and West Berlin and thus became a unique place where communism and capitalism were confronting each other. The icon of the division, the Berlin Wall, was erected in 1961, and was dismantled in 1989, which smoothed the way for reuniting Germany in 1990. In 1991 Berlin was named the capital of the new unified state of Germany. Nowadays Berlin has changed drastically and claims to be the city of the future and is known all over the world for its ambitious architectural projects and bold decisions in urban planning. It has re-invented itself a dozen times and continues to do. The new city of Berlin is a symbol of defeat of both communism and its Nazi past and hope and development for the future. Berlin and cinema Berlin is also famous as a city from the point of view of its various world famous portrayals in text and film, starting with 'Berlin: Symphony of a Great City'(1927) by Walter Ruttmann and 'Alexanderplatz' by Alfred D'blin (1929) to the modern 'Wings of Desire' (1987) by Wim Wenders' and 'Run Lola Run' (1998) by Tom Tykwer's. Since the 1960's artists have arranged artworks and shows in the public areas of the city which criticized the cold war order and institutions, and later on the frantic attempt by the German regime to erase the past after fall of the Berlin Wall. Portraying Berlin means looking at a city that has undergone remarkable changes over the last century in which an emperor was banished and a new republic was created then failed, being followed by a Nazi dictatorship ending up in Germany's division which has now been overcome, but, naturally left its scars. Additionally, capitals and their self-perception are of enormous importance to a nation's identity, which is especially true for Berlin, a city owning the status of a 'full-blown metropolis, unlike any other German city' (Clarke, 2006:151) Since 1945 the film industry has put singular emphasis on screening a city's development, in chronological as well as in visual terms. Inversely a city itself can project a definite cinematic class which can be experienced in daily life. James Donald, in his sociology of the city imaginary, says that cinema has educated 'audiences across

Ethics for Professionals - Professionals & Deception (Philosophy Essay

Ethics for Professionals - Professionals & Deception (Philosophy Topic) - Essay Example Ironically though, Nyberg (1993, p. 7) observes that despite all these public condemnations against lying and deception, everyone is actually privately culpable of it. Why so – he furthers that perhaps it is necessary to maintain equilibrium in people’s social relations, or possibly, it gives credence to moral decency. Meaning, although lying and deception is publicly acknowledged to be an immoral professional act, certain circumstances may compel or warrant professionals to resort to lying and deception. As Englehardt & Evans (1994) suggests, there are some instances when outright lying may be morally right and there may also be some instances when the simple act of not divulging information is morally wrong. Such is the heart of the matter – Is lying and deception justified in the conduct of one’s profession? Are professionals ever justified in, or even compelled to lie to or deceive their clients?  If so, in what context would this be morally permissible? If not, why? Is outright  lying worse than deception in the professions? Why would it be or would it not be? Is a professional ever entitled to lie to his/her  client, or to other people to protect the client? Such are seemingly easy questions? There may not be correct or wrong answers to them. Nevertheless, the issue of lying and deception in profession is one of the gray areas in professional ethics that warrant further inquiry and discussion. From the following definitions of lying – ‘No liar preserves faith in that about which he lies†¦ wishes that he to whom he lies have faith in him, but†¦ does not preserve faith by lying to him’ (Chisholm & Feehan 1977, p. 152); ‘A person lies when he asserts something to another which he believes to be false with the intention of getting the other to believe it to be true’ (Kupfer 1982, p. 104); ‘A person lies when he asserts a proposition he believes to be false’ (Fried 1978, p. 55); Lying is ‘making a statement believed to be

Case Analysis of Mattel's China Experience Study

Analysis of Mattel's China Experience - Case Study Example Following the launch, Mattel transformed the toy commerce with the production of talking dolls and toys. Mattel went public in the year 1960 and almost immediately managed to feature among top five hundred largest U.S industrial syndicates. Mattel introduced Hot Wheels in 1968. This was an instant success, second to only Barbie in terms of popularity and sales. Mattel experienced massive recall of a variety of its products manufactured in and shipped from China in 2007. They included toothpaste, automobile tires, dog food, and seafood. CEO Robert Eckert was staring a crisis in the eye and by the time things cooled down, the firm had recalled 19 million toys Chinese manufactured toys. Upset customers threatened to shun Chinese made toys as the recalls elicited concerns over the quality of outsourcing in China. Key Issues In August 2007, Mattel recalled millions of their toys as a result of threatening amounts of lead paint. Mattel had contracted Chinese manufacturers to produce toys o n their behalf, but overlooked the fact that some restrictions enforced in the U. S. were not valid in China. Because Mattel had contracted Chinese manufacturers for 20 years without hiccups, they found no reason to doubt their workmanship in 2007. Definition of the Problem The problem for Mattel was not the recall of the products, but the events, which occasioned the recall. The management neglected the fact that the regulations in China were different for the U.S. Disappointed customers warned of shunning Chinese made toys as the recalls elicited concerns over the toy safety assessment procedure, the quality of outsourcing in China. Alternative Solutions Some effectual plans, which the company may have utilized, include adding-on to and re-innovating their current product lines, stepping up its advertising endeavors in its main product lines and also leadership change. These would steer the company to even greater height in terms of revenues, staff commitment and implementation of safety regulations. Selected Solution to the Problem Apart from being business oriented, leadership should also be a key priority for Mattel. Before Robert Eckert became its CEO, Jill Barad, the former CEO had presided over a period of deteriorating performance in terms of sales and production and many found her management approach unacceptable. Robert Eckert can be credited by bringing steadiness and certainty in addition to introduction of new packaging procedures, among them labeling in various languages to dispatch them to the various destinations. Eckert managed to boost international through globalization. Some of their most distinguished products like Barbie were availed in international markets and did remarkably well. The numerous leadership changes could be party responsible for the recall incident, since every leader had their own approach for making Mattel successful. Some stability in leadership can ensure consistency in performance and stem oversight which may adverse ly affect business. Implementation Some of their Mattel’s most distinguished products like Barbie were availed in international markets and did remarkably well. Simply put, the better the manager, the more engaged the staff. Best leaders supervise the happiest, most engaged, and most committed employees, translating to higher returns and happy clients. Recommendations For Mattel to remain an industry trailblazer, it must utilize leadership skills to

Transformation at the IRS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transformation at the IRS - Essay Example he group of people to which the task for implementing change has been assigned, e) measures for empowering people supporting the plan of change have to be introduced, f) the success of any part of the plan of change has to be advertised, so that people participating in the plan are empowered, g) alterations and updates of the plan of change are made, if necessary, so that the effectiveness of the particular plan is increased, h) the benefits of the plan of change for the organization should be clearly explained to all members of the organization (Badenhorst-Weiss, Nieuwenhuizen, Rossouw, Brevis, and Cant 2009, p.461). Ziegler (2007) notes that the 8-steps model helps ‘to understand the role of emotions in implementing change’ (Ziegler 2007, p.45). From a similar point of view, Mathew (2011) explains that the particular model reflects the level of communication between the leader and the employees, those who will be asked to support a plan introducing change. At IRS, the implementation of change has been unavoidable; in fact, as noted in the case study, the Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 has been the legislative text enforcing change in IRS. The above text highlighted the key aspects of change in regard to the specific organization. Reference should be also made to the following fact: in IRS efforts for change have started quite early; the last major effort of this type, before the RRA of 1998, has been that of President Truman in 1952 (case study). The implementation of change in IRS has many similarities to the 8 – steps model of Kotter, as presented above. This means that the chances for success of the particular plan are significantly increased. Still, not all steps of the above model have been used in the specific project. Using the 8-steps model, the framework of change in IRS can be described as follows: a) the public in USA had been already notified on the need for change in the organization’s services since 1990 (case study, p.6); although

Ethics for Professionals - Professionals & Deception (Philosophy Essay

Ethics for Professionals - Professionals & Deception (Philosophy Topic) - Essay Example Ironically though, Nyberg (1993, p. 7) observes that despite all these public condemnations against lying and deception, everyone is actually privately culpable of it. Why so – he furthers that perhaps it is necessary to maintain equilibrium in people’s social relations, or possibly, it gives credence to moral decency. Meaning, although lying and deception is publicly acknowledged to be an immoral professional act, certain circumstances may compel or warrant professionals to resort to lying and deception. As Englehardt & Evans (1994) suggests, there are some instances when outright lying may be morally right and there may also be some instances when the simple act of not divulging information is morally wrong. Such is the heart of the matter – Is lying and deception justified in the conduct of one’s profession? Are professionals ever justified in, or even compelled to lie to or deceive their clients?  If so, in what context would this be morally permissible? If not, why? Is outright  lying worse than deception in the professions? Why would it be or would it not be? Is a professional ever entitled to lie to his/her  client, or to other people to protect the client? Such are seemingly easy questions? There may not be correct or wrong answers to them. Nevertheless, the issue of lying and deception in profession is one of the gray areas in professional ethics that warrant further inquiry and discussion. From the following definitions of lying – ‘No liar preserves faith in that about which he lies†¦ wishes that he to whom he lies have faith in him, but†¦ does not preserve faith by lying to him’ (Chisholm & Feehan 1977, p. 152); ‘A person lies when he asserts something to another which he believes to be false with the intention of getting the other to believe it to be true’ (Kupfer 1982, p. 104); ‘A person lies when he asserts a proposition he believes to be false’ (Fried 1978, p. 55); Lying is ‘making a statement believed to be

Transformation at the IRS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transformation at the IRS - Essay Example he group of people to which the task for implementing change has been assigned, e) measures for empowering people supporting the plan of change have to be introduced, f) the success of any part of the plan of change has to be advertised, so that people participating in the plan are empowered, g) alterations and updates of the plan of change are made, if necessary, so that the effectiveness of the particular plan is increased, h) the benefits of the plan of change for the organization should be clearly explained to all members of the organization (Badenhorst-Weiss, Nieuwenhuizen, Rossouw, Brevis, and Cant 2009, p.461). Ziegler (2007) notes that the 8-steps model helps ‘to understand the role of emotions in implementing change’ (Ziegler 2007, p.45). From a similar point of view, Mathew (2011) explains that the particular model reflects the level of communication between the leader and the employees, those who will be asked to support a plan introducing change. At IRS, the implementation of change has been unavoidable; in fact, as noted in the case study, the Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 has been the legislative text enforcing change in IRS. The above text highlighted the key aspects of change in regard to the specific organization. Reference should be also made to the following fact: in IRS efforts for change have started quite early; the last major effort of this type, before the RRA of 1998, has been that of President Truman in 1952 (case study). The implementation of change in IRS has many similarities to the 8 – steps model of Kotter, as presented above. This means that the chances for success of the particular plan are significantly increased. Still, not all steps of the above model have been used in the specific project. Using the 8-steps model, the framework of change in IRS can be described as follows: a) the public in USA had been already notified on the need for change in the organization’s services since 1990 (case study, p.6); although

Aircraft on Ground Essay Example for Free

Aircraft on Ground Essay In the case of Bennett Solutions, if the support assembly does not fit, do we need to build the tree into a recursive model of considering buying another new part from Miami supplier or buying another from ARC, etc.   can we just end that branch of the tree taking into account the cost of returning the product and the reduced refund price? A: There is no set answer, so make whatever assumption you think is reasonable, state it clearly, and proceed with it. Q: Is the cost of rebooking per passenger another decision tree? What we are trying to figure out is the % of load (occupied seats) and % of passengers looking to rebook same day etc. that are to be used as fixed for calculations or as uncertainities. A: Try to make as few assumptions as possible. As a general guideline, when the case gives you enough data (e. g. , historical numbers, estimates, etc), such that you can compute a number directly, try to do that, instead of introducing new elements in the decision tree. Q: Is it possible to fly an empty plane from Santiago to Miami in order to avoid a cancelled Miami – Santiago flight? A: Carefully read the notes at the end of the case one of them should stipulate something about this. Q: How long does it take to make the actual repair to the system once the parts arrive in Santiago? A: Make an assumption that you consider easonable, state it clearly, and proceed from there Q: Consider the sentence: â€Å"However, since this is a current initiative, there is only a 35% to 50% probability that support assemblies of different fleets will fit perfectly and hence are interchangeable. There is no way to know in advance, this has to be checked on the aircraft when the component is installed†. Does the above apply only t o the part supplied by Bennett or it applies to the other suppliers? A: It is safe to assume that it only applies to Bennett Cargo Sales as it refers only to the support assembly.

The cyprus problem

The cyprus problem Cyprus is one of the best places in the world to live. It has several beauties some of which can be found no more in most of the countries in the rest of the world. Its sea, fresh air, its cosmopolite population and the fact that its situated in the heart of the Mediterranean make it very attractive to breathe on it. With its high income, Cyprus hosts around 780.000 people from many different countries.In spite of all these, the Cyprus has one of the unresolved and long-lasting conflicts of the international community. However its not a recent case, its root dates back to the Ottoman Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cyprus had been invaded by Hittites, Egyptians, Assyrians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Lusignans and Venetians until it became a part of Ottoman Empire in 1571.During World War I, it was rented to Great Britain for Ottomans alliance with Germany and its new owner colonized the island. However Greek Cypriots were longing for driving GB out in order to fulfill their ultimate aim of unification of the island with Greece. So this created the beginning of the end. For this purpose, violent Greeks attacked British, Cypriot Turkish and other Greeks who supported control of GB on the island. When England got tired of these controversies, they wanted to terminate their control of island but Turkey wanted to be given the control of the island to its ex owner, that is, Turkey itself and the government designed its policy to support separation of the island in contrast to idea of Greeks which was to give control of the island to the Greece. However disputation d idnt come to a conclusion and Turkey needed to use its army forces to gain the control of the island back. As a result of this action, Turkey got 30% of the whole island in North and fall of former Cyprus Republic led to emergence of two new republics in one island: Turkish Republic of North Cyprus and South Republic of Greek Cyprus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  That people were introduced two new republics in their homeland made them make some choices. Since Turkey side was founded on the North of the island, this somehow forced local people of north to move to south to join the Greek republic and naturally, Turkish Cypriots were settled down in north under the flag of new republic. This is where infinity starts. When moving from north to south, Greeks had to leave their fixed properties and vice versa counted for Turkish Cypriots. Actually, new republic of Greeks was like continuation of the former one and the Greek side benefited from this fact so much in the international area. Probably the biggest gaining for them has been becoming a member of European Union, which they were enrolled in 2004. Meanwhile, the new Turkish republic of North Cyprus was only recognized by a few governments which were close to Turkish government such as Azerbaijani and no doubt, Turkey. Also Pakistan and Bangladesh announced tha t they recognize the new republic, they denied this fact as a result of international pressure made upon them. This situation still causes serious problems for TRNC. It is put trade embargo and its population has to leave the island to make their own living. After 3 years of Greek sides enrollment to EU, Annan Plan was proposed.This plan included many items which were mostly in favor of Greek side because this plan would give chance priority under Republic of Cyprus in terms of political power. In spite of this, Turkish side voted 65% for and Greek side voted 76% against.That the secretary of UN was replaced and reluctance of Greek side brought recession to the effort of solution of the Cyprus Problem. Today, the Turkish side is still suffering from effects of dissolution. It brings heavy responsibilities on Turkey both economical and in terms of its relationship with EU for Turkey is asked for solution of Cyprus problem for Turkeys full membership. Last 2 elections of Greek side didnt provide enough effort for essential solution but the coming elections for Turkish side may be a breaking point in this process. The candidate D. Eroglu is known to be opposite of M.A.Talat the current president. He claims not to be as flexible as Talat has done in the process of solution of Cyprus conflict and he adds he will not make concessions to Greek side for unification of two sides. I believe that a promising leader for TRNC could solve this problem with his determination. If equal and constructive reasons are put forward and people of both sides believe that unification will bring peace and wealth, theres nothing left to think about. With determination, patience and passion, people of both si des and the world can see one equal republic ruling everybody under one flag. After all, the Cyprus is a bleeding wound Reference List dhttp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20421402~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html#High_income http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Cyprus.html http://www.interpeace.org/index.php/Cyprus/Cyprus.html http://ir.emu.edu.tr/staff/asozen/tez1.pdf

Voltage: Ohms Law And Kirchhoffs Rules :: essays research papers

Voltage: Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Rules ABSTRACT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's rules is fundamental for the understanding of dc circuit. This experiment proves and show how these rules can be applied to so simple dc circuits. INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the theory of Ohm's Law, voltage is simply proportional to current as illustrated in the proportionality, V=RI. As shown in this relation, V represent voltage which is the potential difference across the two ends of a electrical conductor and between which an electric current, I, will flow. The constant, R, is called the conductor's resistance. Thus by the Ohm's Law, one can determine the resistance R in a DC circuit without measuring it directly provided that the remaining variable V and I is known.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A resistor is a piece of electric conductor which obeys Ohm's Law and has been designed to have a specific value for its resistance. As an extension of the Ohm's Law, two more relationship can be drawn for electric circuits containing resistors connected in series or/and parallel. For resistors connected in series, the sum of their resistance is, RTOTAL=R1+R2+ ..... +Rn . And for resistors connected in parallel, 1/RTOTAL==1/R1+1/R2+ ..... +1/Rn . Complex dc circuit involving a combination of parallel and series resistors can be analyzed to find the current and voltage at each point of the circuit using 2 basic rules formulated by Kirchhoff. 1) The algebraic sum of current at any branch point in a circuit is zero. 2) The algebraic sum of potential difference, V, around any closed loop in a circuit is zero. These rules and equations provided by the Ohm's law and the Kirchhoff rule can be experimentally tested with the apparatus available in the lab EXPERIMENTAL METHOD   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The apparatus used in the experiment includes a Voltmeter, an Ammeter, some connecting wires and a series of resistors and light bulb with varies resistance. This experiment could be divided into 5 sections which value of voltage and current measured is noted in all sections for further calculation. In the first section, in order to evaluate the reliability of Ohm's law, a dc circuit was constructed as FIG 2 (on p.4 ) using a resistor with an expected resistance at 2400W*120W. In the second section, we were instructed to determine the internal resistance of the voltmeter. Two dc circuit were constructed as FIG 1. and FIG 2. using a resistor with an expected resistance at 820000W*41000W. In the third section, we were asked to judge if the filament of a light bulb obey Ohm's law, this was done by constructing a dc circuit as FIG 1. with a light bulb instead of a resistor.

Camus: The Life and Writings of Absurdity :: Biography Biographies Essays

Camus: The Life and Writings of Absurdity      Ã‚   Camus was born in a small town in eastern Algiers on November 7, 1913. His father (Lucien August Camus) died in 1914 after being shot in the Battle of Marne in W.W.I. Camus was raised by his mother (Catherine Helene Sintes Camus) until he was seventeen, in a working-class section of town. "Sintes," his mother's maiden name was also Raymond Sintes' last name in the novel The Stranger. She was illiterate and became partially deaf after she was widowed. Her husband's body was never returned to her, but a fragment of the shell that killed him along with a picture of him was displayed in the apartment where they lived (Todd 4-6).    The Camus family was poor and struggled to make ends meet, but somehow kept on living. Albert however did go to a "snobbish" chic high school, despite his mother's illiteracy. The school was right next to the ocean, which could be seen from most of the classrooms. This is the beginning of Camus' fascination and love for the ocean and the sun, which comes through in many of his works (Todd 7-16).    Camus did however feel ashamed of his family, and was embarrassed by them. He escaped by excelling in sports and his schoolwork, but at home no one could relate to him nor could he share what he had learned because neither his mother   nor his grandmother could understand what he was saying. In 1930, when Camus was seventeen, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis after becoming sick and coughing up blood (he had tuberculosis reoccurrence in 1938, 1942, 1949-50 and 1957 after his Nobel Prize). This caused him to leave school but he later returned, and he studied philosophy, politics, and how to become an educator. At this point he moved and lived with his Uncle Gustave. This setting provided him with a better economic life and a job as an office clerk (Todd 17-28).    In 1933-34, Camus began school at the University of Algiers and taught classes at a high school.   He also had begun to write his first book Le Quartier Pauvre. He dated and later married Simone Hie, whom he divorced after two years because she prostituted herself to get money that was used to support her morphine habit.

A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration Essay

A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, written by Mary Rowlandson, is about King Philip’s War. The war started on June 20 in 1675 and was between English colonists and Native Americans. During the war, the Indians attacked English colonists’ territory. They burned the colonists’ houses, killed the resisters and captured some of the colonists. The living of captives was very tough. They had to move from place to place with the Indians. The Indians treated them very badly. If they didn’t listen to the Indians, they would be beaten or even be killed. Besides, the weather was cold and sometimes the food supply was short. As a result, lots of captives died during the captivity. As a victim of the Indian attacks, Mary Rowlandson wrote a vivid description of the eleven weeks and five days she spent living with Native Americans which owns very high value in American Literature. First of all, the work owns high historical value in American Literature. In her description, she vividly shows her experience as a captive which makes people easily understand the situation at this period and the relationship between English colonist and the Indians. In her description, we can find that all the English captives didn’t be ruled by the same Indian master. There were different Indian masters. Each Indian master owned English captives and located in different places. According to the masters, the captives could be transferred from one tribe to another. Also, in the description, sometimes Mary Rowlandson communicated with the Indians. From this point, we can find that some of the Indians could speak English. Besides, in the work, we can also know how English colonists deal with Native Americans. They trade by money, clothes, tobacco, liquors, seed corn hemlock, ground ivy and etc. This point shows that the living of the Indians was tough then. They lacked food and some daily necessaries, so it was effective to trade with them by something they really needed in their lives instead of money. Secondly, this work also shows the high value of Christian point of view. As a Christian, Mary Rowlandson uses lots of quotes and passages from the Bible in the description. No matter how hard the captivity was, she always  showed her piety to God. Instead of blaming the Indians, she used the stories in the Bible to console her sorrow and suffering. The Bible was the center of her life during the captivity. Even though her experience was so painful, she thanked God for everything. In the work, she strongly showed the positive side of Christianity which make readers offer high value to the Christians. A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is one of the important works in American Literature. It offers readers high values of history and Christian point of view. By reading the story of Mary Rowlandson, we can clearly understand this period of American history. and also realize the virtue of Christianity.

Crooks monologue Essay

Ever since I came to this ranch to work here, on this rigid structured horse shoe shaped land I always dreamed, hoped and desired for one thing and one thing only! That one day I would have my own land, that one day I would have my own peace and privacy to myself without having to look after horses for the rest of my life. Don’t you think an old man like me would deserve such thing? An old man with a crooked crippled crunched back that has never been treated nice ever since he stepped into the ranch With so many people calling him names because of what colour he is, I bet you would. Ever since I was a little kid my childhood was a beloved and wonderful with my brothers, always accompanied with them just like a jigsaw puzzle when put together. I’ve always wanted to be equal to the others in the ranch. But I would never mix because of my colour it is almost like mixing the wrongs colours to the others in the ranch when painting a picture for your wall. Not letting me play activities with them, feeling lonely at all times can you imagine how annoying and pain staking that would be. Only activity they would let me play is the horse shoe game, bet you would get bored playing it for five minutes. Just imagine and old man like me with a dream of having a land where theirs peace and quiet where I’m free to do anything I want. Sit down and have a nice meal for god sakes, whenever I want without being interfered with those vicious idiots that have no feelings in their life’s what so ever. All the time I work I say to myself I wish, I just wish I could be with someone forever. And pursue that dream that feels it will never happen. Life on the ranch is hard, painful, feet blistering work especially when you’re looking after horses all day long, and what’s worse! Having a crippled back, doesn’t help one single bit and looking after the animal that did it to you, yes that’s right, got kicked by a horse long time ago leaving me in a devastated pain for the rest of my life. Not one day have I lived on that ranch without being interfered or called racist names about my skin colour, how does that feel inside, terrible doesn’t it, that’s how I feel right now. Every day I have to rub things onto my back to relieve the pain which doesn’t feel any better at all worst thing that makes me angry and annoyed is your privacy being invaded how would you feel if someone just walked into you while you were asleep, wouldn’t you feel annoyed and angry, bet you would, lennie that huge bastard walked into my private property while I was doing my own thing no knocks or permission just like that, as if you I was an animal in my hut. Every day I think to myself that I have been doomed to a life of loneliness and racist name calling. There is nothing much to do on this ranch other than working and living a sad life that you think inside yourself will never end. Back when I was a child I was living with a wonderful family that actually cared for me endorsed me, looked after me, and loved me. I also had an education unlike the stupid people living on the ranch not knowing what they say every time they talk and call me names that burns my heart into ashes, I was well educated had a father mother and brothers too. I was accompanied by them. Over here I’ve got no one to care for me other than lennie he is like a black brother to me not calling me racist names, actually talks to me expresses his feelings to me, he makes me feel like I’ve got a future that will come true one day, I’m in this lonely and terrible situation because of my race, yes that’s right you might think it’s something bizarre but actually this is what happens to me. At least I had someone to talk to ever since I stepped into this ranch, can you imagine how it would feel if you were isolated because of your bloody colour for god sakes! Wouldn’t it make you go crazy or maybe mental? Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Beneficence vs. Non-maleficence

Beneficence vs. Non-maleficence Beneficence and Non-maleficence are two interrelated concepts which consist of bringing no harm to others. Although the two are interrelated, there is a big difference between the two. Beneficence refers to the act of helping others whereas non-maleficence refers to not doing any harm. Therefore, the main difference between the two is that beneficence asks that you help others while non-maleficence asks that you do no harm to others to begin with. When you combine both concepts, the main point is that you must act selflessly in a way that will help the other individual and you must not act on your own beliefs. As mentioned before, beneficence refers to the actions that help others. In other words, these actions are done for the benefit of others. According to the UCSF school of medicine, â€Å"beneficence is an action that is done for the benefit of others. Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent or remove harm or to simply improve the situations of others† (Pantilat, 2008). The UCSF school of medicine also provides clinical applications in which they mention how physicians are â€Å"expected to refrain from causing harm, but they also have an obligation to help their patients† (Pantilat, 2008). It certainly seems confusing considering the fact that sometimes in order to provide care, patients can experience harm. UCSF also mentions that there is a difference between obligatory and ideal beneficence. UCSF mentions that there is a common confusion between ideal beneficence and obligatory beneficence. According to the UCSF school of medicine, â€Å"Ideal beneficence co mpromises extreme acts of generosity or attempts to benefit others on all possible occasions† (Pantilat, 2008). According to the UCSF, â€Å"physicians are not necessarily expected to live up to this broad definition of beneficence,† however they most certainly are required to promote the welfare of patients no matter what (Pantilat, 2008). Because of the knowledge that physicians possess, they are obligated to prevent and remove harm and â€Å"weigh and balance possible benefits against possible risk of an action† (Pantilat, 2008). Not only this but the UCSF expands on the definition of beneficence by saying this can also include â€Å"protecting and defending the rights of others, rescuing persons who are in danger, and helping individuals with disabilities† (Pantilat, 2008). The following are a few examples the UCSF provides in regard to beneficence: â€Å"resuscitating a drowning victim, providing vaccinations for the general population, or helping someone quit smoking† (Pantilat, 2008). Non-maleficence as defined earlier basically states that you must do no harm no matter what and refrain from providing â€Å"ineffective treatment or acting with malice toward patients† (Pantilat, 2008). UCSF makes a point to say that this principle offers little useful guidance because many times therapies or treatment provided by physicians can also have serious risks or consequences (Pantilat, 2008)). According to the UCSF, â€Å"physicians should not provide ineffective treatments to patients as these offer risk with no possibility of benefit and thus have a change of harming patients† (Pantilat, 2008). The school of medicine continues to say that, â€Å"In addition, physicians must not do anything that would purposely harm patients without the action being balanced by proportional benefit† (Pantilat, 2008). The reason UCSF says this is because they believe that many procedures and interventions can cause harm in relation to benefits and therefore, the physician must make sure to inform the patient of all risks prior to any procedures. And ultimately, the physician should not pressure the patient into having any procedure done and should solely allow the patient to decide based on the proper information provided to him or her. An example of non-maleficence is stopping any medication that is shown to be harmful or refusing to provide treatment to a patient which has not been proven to be effective in trials. Another example of non-maleficence is not encouraging someone to smoke when you know how harmful it can be.

Case Anaylasis of Nike Inc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Case Anaylasis of Nike Inc - Assignment Example As a result of a fact acceptance of the single mode of connectivity which has developed on the lines of internet powered virtual platform in various corners of the world, it needs to be mentioned that the world has transformed into a single connected global entity. This has increasingly paved the way for easy synchronization of various trends related to globalization that are emerging from the different corners of the world. It is of significant interest to mention that because of the trends of globalization, there is a tremendous amount of demand that is emerging from various new as well as well established countries and economies around the world. As a result of this surge in demand, it can be said that there is a tremendous amount of business opportunity that is emerging in the global marketplace. It needs to be mentioned that many new as well as established companies that are located in various geographical locations are increasingly focusing on the process of market expansion as well as the process of entering in the new markets to capitalize on the new business opportunities. However, talking in regards to the project, it can be said that this particular research based assignment focuses on the process of providing an in-depth analysis of Nike Inc, which is considered as one of the most popular multinational brands of the division related to athletic footwear and apparel in the recent times. Existing Mission, Objectives and Strategies It needs to be mentioned that the globally popular sports company is been actively perceived as an organization that promotes highly innovative products for athletes around the world. While talking in regards to the project, the mission based issues needs to be discussed. It can be said that the mission of a company talks about the organization’s plans to achieve the goals in the upcoming short term. The mission of the company talks about the long term effort of the company to provide inspiration as well as innovation to every single athlete around the world (Nike.com, 2013). Talking more in regards to the mission of the company, it can be said that the case study highlights the issue of continuing with the legacy of Bowerman in regards to innovative thinking as well as product development that will help the athletes to simply excel in their arena. Now while talking about the company’s objectives, it can be said that the organization is more focused providing the athletes around the world with the needed motivation and encouragement that is required to excel in their field of sports. It needs to be mentioned that for the purpose of attaining significant growth in the market, it is very important to have a well crafted strategy. It needs to be mentioned that Nike in an attempt to attain significant growth in the market has designed a very effective growth strategy. It can be said that because of increase in performance of the company on a year on year basis, the sports accessories manufact urer has raised the financial target to around 28 – 30 billion USD for the financial year of 2015 (Nikeinc.com, 2011) New Mission Statement It has to be said that the

Death Penalty in New York State Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Death Penalty in New York State - Research Paper Example George Kendall is documented as being the first man to be officially put to death in colonized America by the state in 1608. Since then over 20,000 accused criminals have been executed in America for a variety of offenses ranging from murder to property crimes. The inclination of jurists to award the death penalty almost at will in the early part of American history was partly influenced by the lack of penitentiaries and an organized prison system. Execution was seen as the primary method to protect society from subversive and anti-social elements. Capital punishment was also employed as a means to control the slave population and many disproportionate capital sentences were imposed on slaves of African descent when the same would not have applied to Caucasians. In New York attempted murder or rape were capital crimes only when committed by slaves (Acker, 2003). The colony of New York was originally under the control of the Dutch albeit without any formal legal system. The death pena lty was practiced and administered in an arbitrary and reckless manner in those early days. It was often the case that when the culprit could not be identified, the accused would have to â€Å"draw lots† in order to determine who would be executed. The arrival of the British to New York saw the implementation of a penal code, where the death penalty was still a frequently awarded punishment. In 1741, 18 white colonials and 13 slaves were sentenced to death by burning at the stake. However, the new British legal system also contained a clemency clause. An individual on death row was eligible for a pardon if they agreed to leave the colony or chose to enlist in the armed forces. As a result of this provision during the 18th century 51% of individuals sentenced to death in New York were eventually pardoned (Heller, 2008). The death penalty statute continued to evolve after the formation of the United States of America and the subsequent imposition of its new legal system. In 188 8, The New York State Assembly passed a statute which would see it become the first state to directly administer the death penalty. According to the statute the death penalty was mandatory for extremely grave and depraved offences. The law also called for a new method of execution, which was â€Å"death by electricity†. William Kemmler became the first man to be executed by means of electric chair, in 1890. Up until the 1930’s the State of New York was responsible for more executions than any other state. During this period state statutes were amended in order to encompass a wider array of crimes that could be punishable by death. The most significant of these was kidnapping, influenced greatly by the â€Å"Lindbergh baby’ saga which dominated headlines during this period. Due to these amendments juries were also instructed to give sentencing recommendations in trials where the convicted were eligible for capital punishment (Heller, 2008). Rise of Abolitionist Movement Throughout the colonial era and up until the mid 20th century voices that were opposed to the death penalty slowly began to grow in strength. By the 18th century many American’s had begun to question the application of the death penalty for crimes that were petty and trivial in nature. Dissenting voices could also be heard in

Outdoor Adventure Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Outdoor Adventure Activities - Essay Example (Leeuwen, 1996, P. 65) Caving is the act of visiting caves. Cave can be described as natural physical environment in which the rocks are arranged in a way that they appear like houses. Caves have been known as the home of traditional men when they were not civilized enough to construct houses. Caves have become one of the most attractive outdoor activities not only for leisure but also as a way of learning geography of a place and also the history of the people. They are important sites for archaeologist as they try to dig deep into the history of the people. Caves are important place to learn civilization as people go to explore the arts of painting on these caves which tell moir about the civilization of these people. However those who go for caving do so for leisure activity in the sense that they want to have an experience of those gone days. They want to feel link those old people felt when they stayed in the caves. Other just wants to have a relaxing atmosphere where they can relax in quietness with out disturbance in the unusual environment. On the other hand canoeing is a water based activity which involves travelling on the water in a canoe. This activity may be carried out for leisure or for the purpose of travelling. If used for leisure individuals will be c engaging in the activity for fun or for exploring water geography. (Rivkin, 1995, P. 21) Both of the above mentioned activities will have several environmental impacts. This arise form the fact that both outdoor activities involve a form of interaction with the environment. Let us look at each of the issue. Environmental effect of caving During caving there are various instances at which individuals are likely to interfere with the set up of the environment. First many of the caves are located secluded areas which are not always visited by people as a result as people go to these caves they interfere with the natural environmental set up. Fore example if the cave is located in deep forest as is the case with many caves individual are likely to interfere with the set up of natural environment. This may involve clearing of the forest in order to pave way for their entrant into these caves. Therefore tone of the environmental effect that caving may have is that it may lead to clearance of the environment in order to pave way for entrance into these caves. Caves also hold their own economical habitats. Apart from home of flying mammal like bats, they are also home to a variety of insects and other small rodents. Therefore as individuals go caving, there are likely to interfere with the natural life of these animals. This may have an effect of making the animal relocate to other areas which leads to loss to their natural ecology and therefore disruption of the food chain. For those who go caving they are likely to carry foods and other items. If there is no proper disposal of the wastes, it may lead to pollution of the environment. In many cases, some of these wastes may be poisonous to the animals and as they consume tem they may dies. Therefore one of the most serious problems that may be associated with caving is pollution of the environment. There should be a proper waste disposal mechanism should ensure that poisonous materials like

Marketing Plan for Body Scrub Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Plan for Body Scrub - Term Paper Example The planning process begins with an attempt by the company to size up its present market situation and the factors responsible for it. Such a plan ensures a systematic approach to developing products and services to meet and satisfy the consumer's needs. Providing strategic option is a key role in the marketing plan. A fast life, with lots of fast food, little time for self-care, sometimes results in adverse impacts on the health and body of the individual. This calls for quick-fix solutions. Therefore, while preparing the marketing plan, we need to keep in mind that it must be suitable enough for the individual with very little spare time and who happens to be always on the move. Analysis of External Market: Role of the external market is of prime importance in devising a marketing plan. Such an analysis in the marketing plan helps in explaining in detail the external challenges and opportunities a business may face in the coming year/s. Such an analysis will help in identifying the competitive strength of Dove while taking cues from competitors' strengths. To analyze the market in a better way PESTLE analysis can also be carried out. PESTLE stands for political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and ecological factors Customer Analysis: With growing consciousness amongst the young ones about their being presentable while attending the board meeting, wedding ceremonies, parties with friends, family functions, or even going to college or marketplace. The female member requires a reliable solution to handle moisture related issues. If we take a cursory look at the market, it is found that there are a variety of solutions on offer, both branded as well as unbranded. For a body scrubber, the basic things which need to be emphasized are; Reliability, No harm to the skin.  

United states v. ziegler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

United states v. ziegler - Essay Example However, his plea for suppression of his case was thrown out after it was argued that the office and an office computer does not belong to a person but it is an entity for the employer. The appellate argued that the employer pays the rent for the office and supply computer to his employee (Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Montana). Nevertheless, after Ziegler was convicted he appealed the ruling in the Ninth Circuit court. The court overturned the decision of the lower court by arguing that Ziegler right were contravened when his office machine was searched without his notice or a search warrant. The judge said that Ziegler office attracted privacy as he did not share it with other employees. The court argued â€Å"Because Ziegler had a reasonable expectation of privacy in his office, any search of that space and the items located therein must comply with the Fourth Amendment† (Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Montana). In conclusion, I do agree with the decision of the Ninth Circuit court that privacy in the office also is protected in the Fourth

The Tragedy of the Holocaust Essay Example for Free

The Tragedy of the Holocaust Essay Most individuals in society think of literature as just a simple story that the author creates. What most individuals don’t know is that authors have a meaning for writing literature, not just simply for pleasure. Most authors write literature to show a message to the audience whether it’s a personal story or a historical event. The author does this by providing the audience with visual image and emotion that is created throughout the story. In the short story â€Å"The Shawl†, author Cynthia Ozick shows the audience the horrible events that took place during the Holocaust and how much individuals suffered during this time. While reading â€Å"The Shawl†, the reader can feel and imagine throughout the book all the suffering and pain that the Holocaust caused the Jewish people. This short story is great for individuals to know what really took place during this time in life and why it’s so important to make sure that our society never turns to this again. After an Individual reads the short story â€Å"The Shawl†, one will see the tragic events that happened during the holocaust. Author Cynthia Ozick starts of her short story by introducing the three sisters that are the main characters in the story, which are Magdna, Rosa and Bella. Rosa was the oldest sister, Bella was fourteen years old and Madna was just a fifteen-month-old baby. Age difference during the Holocaust did not matter. If you were a baby, child, teenager or adult, German soldiers were determine to kill any Jewish individual during this time. Another thing during the Holocaust was how horrible the living conditions were in the concentration camps. While reading, the audience can imagine the living scene at the concentration camp. As Rosa describes the scene of the concentration camp, the audience can picture seeing dirt, bugs and diseases that surrounded them. Rosa also informs the audience of how beauty can be so close to evil. While Rosa is looking inside the concentration camp she sees an electric fence holding her sisters and herself in the darkness. Rosa states about the electric fence that, â€Å"The farther she was from the fence, the more clearly the voices crowded her. The lamenting voices strummed so convincingly, so passionately, it was impossible to suspect them of being phantoms†(Ozick, pg.2655). On the other side of the fence, Rosa explains seeing the beauty of nature that most individuals today take for granted. While Rosa is rushing trying to give Magda back her shawl, she notices outside the beauty of nature standing outside the iron electric fence. Rosa states, â€Å"On the other side of the steel fence, far away, there were green meadows speckled with dandelions and deep-colored violets; beyond them, even farther, innocent tiger lilies, tall, lifting their orange bonnets (Ozick, pg2655). As Rosa shares this vision with the audience, it’s sad to see how you can see something beautiful but yet it’s far away and individuals like Rosa are stuck behind the iron electric fence that is guarding them from this beauty. Rosa shows a point that in our society, we take the nature of beauty for granted. We go by life way to fast to actually stop and look at the beauty that nature provides. Rosa needed something to have hope and have something to look for and the beauty of nature brought her peace while suffering during the Holocaust. It’s the little things in life that helped the Jewish individuals make it threw the Holocaust. Rosa states that, â€Å"In the barracks they spoke of flowers of rain: excrement, thick turd-braids, and the slow stinking maroon waterfall that slunk down from the upper bunks, the stink mixed with a bitter fatty floating smoke that greased Rosa’s skin† (Ozick, pg2655). It’s frightening to know that in our society wherever we are, true evil can be so close to pure beauty. The Holocaust is a great example of how the beauty of nature is yet so close to the horrifying concentration camps. Another issue that Ozick shows in her short story, â€Å"The Shawl† is jealousy. Since many people were suffering during the Holocaust, many Jewish individuals living in the concentration camps were jealous of one another due to the condition of other Jewish individuals clothes or others having more food. Like any other story, Ozick show’s the good guy and bad guy throughout her short story. Ruth, the older sister, puts her life at risk to make sure that her fifteen-month-old sister Magda is safe while Stella, the other sister, was jealous of her little sister Magda. During the Holocaust, many Jewish individuals had to work all day and walk everywhere that they went; there was hardly any rest. When all three sisters would walk, Magda would be carried and wrapped in the shawl. As Stella saw this, her Jealousy and hatred grew more to her little sister Magda. The narrator states that,â€Å" Sometimes Stella carried Magda, But she was jealous of Magda†(Ozick, pg2653). Another thing that Stella was Jealous of Magda was the shawl that she had. Rosa always had Magda wrapped around her. The shawl was Magda safety net. Everywhere that Magda went, she was always wrapped around in the shawl and every time Rosa would leave the barracks, she would always hide Magda with the shawl. One cold day, Stella went up to Magda and simply took her shawl away from her. When Rosa asked why Stella did this she simply stated, â€Å"She was cold† (Ozick, pg2654). By how jealous and selfish Stella was to her sister, this action of taking away Magda shawl resulted in Magda death. Ozick shows throughout her short story how many Jewish individuals suffered from hunger during the concentration camps. Magda was just a baby and needed all the food she could get in order to survive. There would be times that Rosa would not be able to provide food for Magda, which would result in Rosa taking the corner of the shawl and milking it. Rosa states, â€Å"She sucked and sucked, flooding threads with wetness. The shawl’s good flavor, milk of linen† (Ozick, pg2653). Starvation during the Holocaust also made some Jewish individuals violent and selfish. Stella would not give any food to her sister Magda and would keep everything for herself. Rosa would state that during the Holocaust, â€Å"Stella was ravenous, a growing child herself, but not growing much â€Å"(Ozick, pg2653). Rosa was also frightened of others eating Magda by how tiny she was. Some Jewish individuals during the Holocaust started to turn evil just to get something to eat and a way for them to survive. If it was the result of killing a baby for food, then some Jewish individuals would. Even Magda own sister Stella thought about eating her. That is how horrible hunger had gotten to some Jewish individuals. One day, Ruth states that it sounded that Stella said, â€Å"Lets us devour her†(Ozick, pg2654) to another individual in the concentration camp. Each day when Rosa would leave Magda in the barrack, she would always worry that someone would kill her for food. The description that Ozick gives throughout her short story of how skinny the Jews were in the concentration camps shows the audience how much the Jews suffered from starvation. The author states, â€Å"The weight of Rosa was becoming less and less; Rosa and Stella were slowly turning into air â€Å"(Ozick, pg2654). At the end of the short story â€Å"The Shawl†, Ozick shows the audience how heartless the German solder’s, also known as the â€Å"Nazi Party†, were during the Holocaust. When Stella takes away Magda shawl, Magda steps outside her confront zone. In panic, Magda searches everywhere in the concentration camp to find her shawl. As Rosa waives the shawl to her, she sees a German solider carrying her out of the distance; it’s to late to save her. Rosa states as Magda was being carried of in the distance â€Å" She was no bigger than a moth†(Ozick, pg2655). Even though Magda was just an innocent baby searching for her shawl, the German soldiers did not care, their hearts were cold. While Rosa tells the audience about seeing Magda being taking away farther and farther, the reader can feel how heartbroken Rosa is watching her little baby sister being carried to her death. Rosa states, â€Å"All at once Magda was swimming through the air. The whole of Magna travel though loftiness. She looked like a butterfly touching a silver vine†(Ozick, pg1981). The Holocaust is one of the most tragic events in our history. It’s important that individuals know and understand what happened during this tragic time. Author Cynthia Ozick short story, â€Å"The shawl† is a great way for individuals to read, see and feel the pain and suffering that went on during the Holocaust. The author also does a great job explaining the Jewish life while living in concentration camps and seeing the struggles that Jewish individuals had to face. This time period was one of the darkest times in our society. It is important that we never forgot the Holocaust so that way nothing wicked like this will ever happen again in our society. The Holocaust and all the Jewish people that suffered and lost their lives during this time period will never be forgotten.